Git and GitHub Version Control and Collaboration - (Made Easy)

2. How to use terminal using git

Git Registration Success!

You are now registered with Git on your PC. You've set up your username and email using the terminal.

3. Initialise the git and clone repository

3.1 copy the url

3.2 Setting Up a Local Git Repository

Git project cloned Successfully....!

4. Git Add Changes

4.1 Git Add single File

Git add command is a straightforward command. It adds files to the staging area. We can add single or multiple files at once in the staging area. It will be run as:

$ git add <File name>

The above command is added to the git staging area, but yet it cannot be shared on the version control system. A commit operation is needed to share it. Let's understand the below scenario.

We have created a file for our newly created repository in NewDirectory. To create a file, use the touch command as follows:

$ touch newfile.txt
$ git add newfile.txt

4.2 Git add all file changes

We can add more than one files in Git, but we have to run the add command repeatedly. Git facilitates us with a unique option of the add command by which we can add all the available files at once.

$ git add .

The above command will add all the files available in the repository. Consider the below scenario:

After adding files

the above output, all the files have been added. The status of all files is displaying as staged.

Next Step : commit these above changes.

5. Commit the changes

5.1 The git commit command

The commit command will commit the changes and generate a commit-id. The commit command without any argument will open the default text editor and ask for the commit message. We can specify our commit message in this text editor. It will run as follows:

$ git commit

5.2 Git add all file changes

The -m option of commit command lets you to write the commit message on the command line. This command will not prompt the text editor. It will run as follows:

$ Git commit -m 'your commit message'

In the above output, a newfile4.txt is committed to our repository with a commit message.

Next Step : Push changes to repository.

6. Push the changes to central Repository

Push your local changes to the GitLab repository:

The push term refers to upload local repository content to a remote repository. Pushing is an act of transfer commits from your local repository to a remote repository.


$ git push origin main


Or

$ git push repository_url main


Pushing Changes:




After making changes locally and committing them, you use git push to send those changes to the remote repository.

Next ---> Check Git Changes in Gitlab Repository

7. Check Git changes in Gitlab

1. Navigate to your GitLab project page and refresh the page.
2. Verify that the changes you made locally are now visible in the repository.




Congratulations! You have successfully executed a GitLab exercise, encompassing project creation, local modifications, and the utilization of Git commands to push changes to GitLab. This fundamental workflow establishes the groundwork for collaborative software development through version control.

Git Cheat Sheet

1. Git Configuration

• git config: Get and set configuration variables that control Git's behavior.
• Set the name: $ git config --global user.name "User name"
• Set the email: $ git config --global user.email "himanshudubey481@gmail.com"
• Set the default editor: $ git config --global core.editor Vim
• Check the setting: $ git config -list

2. Starting a Project

• git init: Create a local repository.
• git clone: Make a local copy of the server repository.

3. Local Changes

Git Add

Add a file to staging (Index) area:

$ git add Filename

Add all files of a repo to staging (Index) area:

$ git add *

Git Commit

Record or snapshots the file permanently in the version history with a message:

$ git commit -m "Commit Message"

4. Track Changes

Git Diff

Track the changes that have not been staged:

$ git diff

Track the changes that have staged but not committed:

$ git diff --staged

Track the changes after committing a file:

$ git diff HEAD

Track the changes between two commits:

$ git diff Git Diff Branches: $ git diff <branch 2>

Git Status

Display the state of the working directory and the staging area:

$ git status

Git Show

Shows objects:

$ git show

5. Commit History

Git Log

Display the most recent commits and the status of the head:

$ git log

Display the output as one commit per line:

$ git log -oneline

Displays the files that have been modified:

$ git log -stat

Display the modified files with location:

$ git log -p

Git Blame

Display the modification on each line of a file:

$ git blame <file name>

Remote

Git Remote

Check the configuration of the remote server:

$ git remote -v

Add a Remote

Add a remote for the repository:

$ git remote add <remote-name> <repository-url>

Fetch Data

Fetch the data from the remote server:

$ git fetch

Remove Remote Connection

Remove a remote connection from the repository:

$ git remote rm <remote-name>

Rename Remote Server

Rename remote server:

$ git remote rename <old-name> <new-name>

Show Additional Information

Show additional information about a particular remote:

$ git remote show <remote-name>

Change Remote URL

Change remote URL:

$ git remote set-url <remote-name> <new-url>

Git Push/Pull

Push data to the remote server:

$ git push <remote-name> <branch-name>

Pull data from the remote server:

$ git pull <remote-name> <branch-name>